Content analysis and quality evaluation of main active components and mineral elements of Cynomorium songaricum in different habitats / 中国中药杂志

To clarify the content characteristics of the main active components and mineral elements of Cynomorium songaricum under different habitat conditions, and further explore the relationship between the quality of C. songaricum and habitats, this study took C. songaricum from 25 different habitats in China as the research object, and measured the contents of 8 main active components and 12 mineral elements separately. Diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The results showed that the genetic diversity of total flavonoids, ursolic acid, ether extract, potassium(K), phosphorus(P) and zinc(Zn) in C. songaricum was high. The coefficient of variation of crude polysaccharide, ether extract, gallic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, catechin, epicatechin, calcium(Ca), sodium(Na), magnesium(Mg), sulfur(S), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), selenium(Se) and nickel(Ni) were all over 36%, indicating that the quality of C. songaricum was significantly affected by habitats. There were strong synergistic and weak antagonistic effects among the contents of the 8 active components, and complex antagonistic and synergistic effects among the contents of the 12 mineral elements. Principal component analysis revealed that crude polysaccharide, ursolic acid, catechin, epicatechin and total flavonoids could be used as the characteristic components to evaluate the quality of C. songaricum, and Na, copper(Cu), Mn and Ni were the characteristic elements to evaluate the quality of C. songaricum. In cluster ana-lysis, the second group with the main active components as cluster center had better quality in terms of the content of active substances, and the second group with the mineral elements as cluster center had higher utilization potential in the exploitation of mineral elements. This study could provide a basis for resource evaluation and breeding of excellent varieties of C. songaricum in different habitats, and provide a reference for cultivation and identification of C. songaricum.

Correlation analysis between prenatal exposure of per-/polyfluoroalkyl compounds and neonatal outcome / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the prenatal exposure of per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the neonatal outcome. Methods: A total of 506 maternal infant cohort samples were collected in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province from 2020 to 2021. The exposure levels of seven PFASs in maternal serum before delivery were detected by solid-phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear regression model was used to analyze the influence of prenatal exposure of PFASs on birth weight, birth length and Apgar score. Results: The maternal age, prenatal body mass index and gestation age were (31.3±4.3) years old, (26.7±3.2) kg/m2 and (265.0±28.3) days, respectively. The birth weight, birth length and scores of Apgar-1 and Apgar-5 were (3.1±0.8) kg, (49.3±2.9) cm, (9.88±0.47) points and (9.99±0.13) points, respectively. PFASs were widely distributed in maternal serum, with the highest concentration of (18.453±19.557) ng/ml, (6.756±9.379) ng/ml and (5.057±8.555) ng/ml for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and 6∶2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFESA), respectively. Maternal age, parity and delivery mode were associated with the exposure level of PFASs (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that PFOS had negative effects on birth weight (β=-0.958), birth length (β=-0.073) and Apgar-5 score (β=-0.288) for neonates in the low birth weight (LBW) group. 6∶2 Cl-PFESA and 8∶2 Cl-PFESA inhibited the birth weight (β=-0.926; β=-0.552) and length (β=-0.074; β=-0.045) of newborn in the LBW group. In addition, 4∶2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTS) was associated with increased birth weight (β=0.111) and decreased Apgar-5 score (β=-0.030) in the normal weight group. Conclusion: Prenatal exposure to PFASs is associated with birth weight, birth length and Apgar-5 score. It is necessary to continue to pay attention to the impact of PFASs on fetal growth and development through maternal-fetal transmission.

Os corpos etéreos dos blogs pró-ana: comunidades emocionais e espaços de sociabilidade na web / The ethereal bodies of pro-Ana blogs: emotional communities and spaces of sociability on the web

Resumo O presente artigo procurou compreender como jovens anoréxicas utilizam ambientes virtuais como espaços de sociabilidade para a construção de uma narrativa sobre a anorexia, para ancorar suas experiências pela mutualidade emocional e para validar discursos. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo da sessão de comentários e posts de blogs pró-anorexia sendo identificadas três categorias temáticas: corpo, identidade pessoal e sociabilidade na rede. Observou-se que os blogs são espaços virtuais de sociabilidade e de construção de coletivos identitários. As representações e as vivências pela materialidade corporal alimentam o cyber espaço e são o ponto de partida para compreensão de um fenômeno particular à contemporaneidade, que são as trocas virtuais. Nos blogs localizam-se narrativas corporais que procuram dar coerência ao indivíduo e à sua existência bem como ancorar e legitimar experiências pessoais e validar atitudes pró-anorexia. São reforçados os laços sociais dentro do grupo que se transforma em uma comunidade emocional. Os sentidos dos discursos circulantes permitem inferir que nestes grupos, a materialidade dos corpos anoréxicos se emancipa dos estigmas sociais de doença.

Abstract The study presented in this paper aimed at understanding how anorexic young women use virtual environments as spaces of sociability in order to construct a narrative about anorexia, anchor their experiences through emotional mutuality and validate discourses. To do so, an analysis of the content found in the commenting and posting sections of pro-anorexia blogs was carried out. Three thematic categories were identified: body, personal identity and sociability on the web. It was observed that blogs are virtual spaces of sociability and construction of identity groups. The representations and the experiences lived by the corporal materiality feed cyberspace and are the starting point for understanding a phenomenon particular to the contemporaneity, that is the virtual exchanges. In blogs, one can find body narratives that seek to give coherence to an individual and to his or her existence as well as narratives that aim at anchoring and legitimizing personal experiences and validating pro-anorexia attitudes. Social ties are strengthened within the group, which becomes an emotional community. The meanings of the spreading discourses allow us to infer that in these groups, the materiality of anorexic bodies emancipates itself from the social stigmas of a disease.

Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Neurological Disorders

We live in a world where daily exposure to environmental chemicals is inevitable. Many studies point to environmental chemicals a major cause of neurological diseases. Properly intervening in and managing the exposure requires up-to-date information about neurotoxic chemicals that may lead to neurological disorders. The recent literature on the neurotoxic effects of environmental chemicals was reviewed, including both animal and human studies. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and autism are closely associated with environmental chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenys (PCBs), dioxins, polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDE), and perfluoroalkyls. There is strong evidence linking environmental chemical exposure to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, it is important to pay close attention to a high risk-age group where the window of exposure is critical to causing neurological disease.

A lignan with glucose uptake activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes from the stem bark of Knema patentinervia

A new naturally occurring dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan named isocubebinic ether has been isolated from Knema patentinervia. The structure was established by spectroscopic methods, which include Ultraviolet, Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry. The compound showed activity in the stimulation of glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Reticulocytosis in screen-printing workers exposed to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol

BACKGROUND: Studies on the hematologic toxicity of ethylene glycol ethers in humans are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between exposure to solvents (containing 2-butoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol) and hematological effects. METHODS: Thirty-four screen-printing workers who were exposed to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol and 37 non-exposed clerical workers were selected using data from the health care facilities that provided regular health screening services. Student's t-tests and Pearson's chi-square tests were used to compare differences in hematological parameters between the exposed and the control groups. A multivariate analysis was performed using the multiple logistic regression models to adjust for other variables. RESULTS: The chi-square test showed the reticulocyte percentages and corrected reticulocyte counts to be significantly higher in the exposed group. The t-tests showed a significant increase in white blood cell counts, reticulocyte percentages, and corrected reticulocyte count (i.e., reticulocyte index) in the exposed group, with p-values of 0.002, 0.004, and 0.002, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed the odds ratio for the corrected reticulocyte counts to be 16.30 for the exposed group, when compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol was significantly associated with reticulocytosis, necessitating the implementation of preventive measures for workers prone to occupational exposure to ethylene glycol ethers.

Application of positive airway pressure in restoring pulmonary function and thoracic mobility in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery: a randomized clinical trial / Aplicação de pressão positiva nas vias aéreas na restauração da função pulmonar e da mobilidade torácica no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: To evaluate whether the application of bilevel positive airway pressure in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery might be more effective in restoring lung volume and capacity and thoracic mobility than the separate application of expiratory and inspiratory positive pressure. Method: Sixty morbidly obese adult subjects who were hospitalized for bariatric surgery and met the predefined inclusion criteria were evaluated. The pulmonary function and thoracic mobility were preoperatively assessed by spirometry and cirtometry and reevaluated on the 1st postoperative day. After preoperative evaluation, the subjects were randomized and allocated into groups: EPAP Group (n=20), IPPB Group (n=20) and BIPAP Group (n=20), then received the corresponding intervention: positive expiratory pressure (EPAP), inspiratory positive pressure breathing (IPPB) or bilevel inspiratory positive airway pressure (BIPAP), in 6 sets of 15 breaths or 30 minutes twice a day in the immediate postoperative period and on the 1st postoperative day, in addition to conventional physical therapy. Results: There was a significant postoperative reduction in spirometric variables (p<0.05), regardless of the technique used, with no significant difference among the techniques (p>0.05). Thoracic mobility was preserved only in group BIPAP (p>0.05), but no significant difference was found in the comparison among groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The application of positive pressure does not seem to be effective in restoring lung function after bariatric surgery, but the use of bilevel positive pressure can preserve thoracic mobility, although this technique was not superior to the other techniques. .

Objetivo: Avaliar se a aplicação de dois níveis de pressão positiva nas vias aéreas no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica pode ser mais efetiva do que quando aplicadas pressões positivas expiratória e inspiratória separadamente na restauração dos volumes e capacidades pulmonares e na mobilidade torácica. Método: Foram avaliadas 60 voluntárias adultas, obesas mórbidas, internadas para realização da cirurgia bariátrica. Afunção pulmonar e a mobilidade torácica foram avaliadas por meio da espirometria e da cirtometria no pré-operatório e reavaliadas no primeiro pós-operatório. Após a avaliação pré-operatória, as voluntárias foram randomizadas e alocadas nos grupos G EPAP (n=20), G RPPI (n=20) e G BIPAP (n=20) e então receberam a intervenção proposta, pressão positiva expiratória nas vias aéreas (EPAP), respiração por pressão positiva inspiratória (RPPI) ou pressão positiva binível nas vias aéreas (BIPAP), em sessões de seis séries de 15 respirações ou de 30 minutos, duas vezes ao dia no pós-operatório imediato e no primeiro pós-operatório, além do tratamento fisioterapêutico convencional. Resultados: Houve redução significativa das variáveis espirométricas no pós-operatório (p<0,05), independente do recurso utilizado, não havendo diferença significativa entre as técnicas (p>0,05), e preservação da mobilidade torácica somente nas voluntárias do grupo BIPAP (p>0,05), porém sem diferença nas comparações entre os grupos (p>0,05). Conclusão: A aplicação de pressão positiva parece não ser efetiva na restauração da função ...

Functional priorities reported by parents of children with cerebral palsy: contribution to the pediatric rehabilitation process / Prioridades funcionais identificadas por pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral:contribuições para o processo de reabilitação infantil

Background: Collaborative actions between family and therapist are essential to the rehabilitation process, and they can be a catalyst mechanism to the positive outcomes in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Objectives: To describe functional priorities established by caregivers of CP children by level of severity and age, and to assess changes on performance and satisfaction on functional priorities reported by caregivers, in 6-month interval. Method: 75 CP children, weekly assisted at Associação Mineira de Reabilitação, on physical and occupational therapy services. The following information was collected: gross motor function (Gross Motor Function Classification System-GMFCS) and functional priorities established by caregivers (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure-COPM). Data were collected in two moments, with a 6-month interval. Results: The main functional demands presented by caregivers were related to self-care activities (48.2%). Parents of children with severe motor impairment (GMFCS V) pointed higher number of demands related to play (p=0.0036), compared to the other severity levels. Parents of younger children reported higher number of demands in mobility (p=0.025) and play (p=0.007), compared to other age groups. After 6 months, there were significant increase on COPM performance (p=0.0001) and satisfaction scores (p=0.0001). Conclusions: Parents of CP children identified functional priorities in similar performance domains, by level of severity and age. Orienting the pediatric rehabilitation process to promote changes in functional priorities indentified by caregivers can contribute to the reinforcement of the parent-therapist collaboration. .

Contextualização: Ações colaborativas entre família e terapeuta são essenciais para o processo de reabilitação, podendo constituir mecanismo catalisador de desfechos funcionais positivos para crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC). Objetivos: Descrever prioridades funcionais identificadas por cuidadores de crianças com PC por nível de gravidade e idade e avaliar mudanças no desempenho e satisfação reportadas pelos cuidadores nas prioridades identificadas no intervalo de seis meses. Método: De 75 crianças com PC, atendidas semanalmente naAssociação Mineira de Reabilitação, nos serviços de fisioterapia e de terapia ocupacional, foram coletadas informações referentes à função motora grossa (Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa-GMFCS) e às prioridades funcionais estabelecidas pelos cuidadores (Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional-COPM). Os dados foram coletados em dois períodos, com intervalo de seis meses. Resultados: As principais demandas apontadas pelos cuidadores referiram-se às atividades de cuidados pessoais (48,2%). Pais de crianças com comprometimento motor grave (GMFCS V) apresentaram maior número de demandas relacionadas ao brincar (p=0,036), comparadas com outros níveis de comprometimento. Pais de crianças mais jovens reportaram maior número de demandas em mobilidade (p=0,025) e brincar (p=0,007) em relação aos outros grupos etários. Após seis meses, observou-se aumento significativo dos escores de desempenho (p=0,0001) e de satisfação (p=0,0001) da COPM. Conclusões: Pais de crianças com PC identificaram prioridades funcionais em áreas de desempenho semelhantes por nível de gravidade da função motora grossa e por grupo etário. Direcionar o processo ...

Comunicação não verbal entre enfermeiros e idosos à luz da proxêmica / Nonverbal communication between nurses and the elderly based on the proxemics / Comunicación no verbal entre enfermeros y ancianos a la luz de la proxémica

Objetivou-se analisar a comunicação não verbal entre enfermeiros e idosos na consulta de enfermagem à luz do referencial teórico de Hall. Estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado por filmagens das consultas de enfermagem com idosos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de João Pessoa-Paraíba, analisadas a cada um minuto, totalizando 1.575 interações não verbais. A análise mostra predomínio de enfermeiros (90,63%) e idosos (65,63%) do sexo feminino e classificação regular para a maioria dos fatores com prevalência da postura sentada (80,09%), cadeiras uma em frente a outra (64,46%), distância pessoal (91,40%), expressão facial tranquila (59,78%), uso do toque apenas ao realizar um procedimento técnico (53,33%), interação visual enquanto manipula objetos (57,69%) e volume de voz inalterado (48,79%). Esses resultados refletem a necessidade de os enfermeiros dominarem conscientemente suas manifestações corporais e faciais a fim de melhor interagirem com o idoso.

The aim is to analyze the nonverbal communication between nurses and the elderly in the nursing consultation based on the theory by Hall. The research concerns a descriptive exploratory study and it has a quantitative approach. It took place through filmings of the nursing consultations which happened in Health Basic Units in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, observed every minute, a total of 1.575 nonverbal interactions. The analysis has showed the predominance of the female nurses (90.63%) and the elderly (65.63) and a regular classification for most of the factors as a prevalence of a sitting set (80.09), opposite chairs (64.46%), personal distance (91.40%), calm facial expression (59.78%), touch was used for a technical procedure (53.33%), visual interaction for the manipulation of the objects (57.69) and no alteration in the voice volume (48.79%). These results reflect the necessity of the nurses to domain consciously their corporal and facial manifestations in order to improve the interaction with the elderly.

El objetivo es analizar la comunicación no verbal entre enfermeros y ancianos en la consulta de enfermería bajo la teoría de Hall. Estudio exploratório descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativa, realizada a través de filmaciones de consultas con ancioanos en Unidades Básicas de Saúde de João Pessoa - Paraíba, totalizando 1.1575 interacciones no verbales. El análisis muestra predomínio de enfermeros (60,63%) y ancianos (65,63%) de sexo femenino y classificación Regular para la mayoría de factores con predominio de postura sentada (80,09%), sillas una frente a otra (64,46%), distancia personal (91,40%), expresión facial tranquila (59,78%), uso de contacto sólo para realizar procedimientos técnicos (53,33%), interacción visual cuando manipula objetos (57,69%) y volumen de voz inalterado (48,79%). Estos resultados reflejan la necessidad de que los enfermeros dominen conscientemente manifestaciones corporales y faciales a fin de mejorar la interacción con el anciano.

HPLC specific chromatogram of Dendrobium officinale / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the method of specific chromatogram analysis of ether extract of Dendrobium officinale for identification of D. officinale.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatographic separation was carried out at 30 degrees C on an Ultimate C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with methanol and water containing 0.2% phosphoric acid in a gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of NPC (National Pharmacopoeia Committee) was adopted to specific chromatogram construction.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The HPLC specific chromatogram of D. officinale was constructed with 6 common specific chromatographic peaks including naringenin as a reference peak.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method shows good precision and repeatability of relative retention time. It can be used to identify D. officinale.</p>

A survey of occupational health among polyether-exposed workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the occupational health of the workers simultaneously exposed to acrylonitrile, epoxyethane, epoxypropane, and styrene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A questionnaire survey was conducted in 70 front-line workers simultaneously exposed to acrylonitrile, epoxyethane, epoxypropane, and styrene (exposure group) and 50 managers (control group) in a polyether manufacturer; in addition, air monitoring at workplace and occupational health examination were also performed. The obtained data were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The female workers in exposure group and the spouses of male workers in exposure group had significantly higher spontaneous abortion rates than their counterparts in control group (P < 0.01). The exposure group had a significantly higher abnormal rate of blood urea nitrogen than the control group (P < 0.01). The workers with different polyether-exposed working years had significantly higher mean levels of DNA damage than the control group (P < 0.01); the workers with not less than 5 and less than 20 polyether-exposed working years and those with not less than 20 polyether-exposed working years had significantly higher mean micronucleus rates than the control group (P < 0.01); there were no significant differences in overall chromosome aberration rate and mean level of DNA damage between each two groups of workers with different polyether-exposed working years (P > 0.05); the workers with not less than 5 and less than 20 polyether-exposed working years and workers with not less than 20 polyether-exposed working years had significantly higher mean micronucleus rates than those with less than 5 polyether-exposed working years (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Simultaneous exposure to acrylonitrile, epoxyethane, epoxypropane, and styrene causes occupational hazards among the workers in polyether manufacturer.</p>

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel diaryl ethers bearing a pyrimidine motif as human Pin1 inhibitors / 药学学报

Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1) belongs to peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) and is a novel promising anticancer target. Based on the lead structure of benzophenone, a series of novel diarylether derivatives containing a pyrimidine ring were designed and synthesized. The inhibitory activities on Pin1 of compounds 5a-5d and 6a-6i were evaluated by a protease-coupled enzyme assay. Of all the evaluated compounds, 6 compounds displayed inhibitory activities. Molecular docking was performed using FlexX algorithm to explore the binding mode of the active molecules.

Síntesis y evaluación in vitro de la actividad antifúngica de oximas, éteres de oxima e isoxazoles / Síntese e avaliação in vitro da atividade antifúngica de oximas, éteres de oxima e isoxazóis / Synthesis and in vitro assessment of antifungal activity of oximes, oxime ethers and isoxazoles

Objetivo. Sintetizar y realizar la evaluación preliminar de la actividad antifúngica in vitro de oximas, éteres de oxima e isoxazoles. Materiales y métodos. Las oximas se sintetizaron a partir de aldehídos o cetonas con NH2OH.HCl y K2CO3. Los éteres de oxima se obtuvieron mediante alquilación de oximas con bromuro de propargilo o bromuro de 2-bromobencilo, empleando como base NaOH y acetona como solvente. Los isoxazoles se obtuvieron mediante cicloadiciones 1,3-dipolares empleando nitrato cérico amónico (NAC), cloramina-T (CAT) y NaOCl. Los productos fueron identificados y/o caracterizados por resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) y espectrometría de masas (EM). Se realizaron pruebas de inhibición de crecimiento radial sobre Aspergillus niger y Fusarium roseum. Resultados. Se obtuvieron cinco oximas, siete éteres de oxima, cuatro de ellos nuevos y cuatro nuevos isoxazoles. Las sustancias evaluadas presentaron actividad antifúngica a cantidades de 1,5 mg y 3,0 mg. Conclusiones. Aunque las cicloadiciones 1,3-dipolares permitieron obtener los isoxazoles esperados, se observó que ésta metodología generó una amplia variedad de subproductos lo que disminuyó los rendimientos e hizo difícil la purificación del producto de interés. Cuatro de las sustancias evaluadas presentaron porcentajes de inhibición superiores al 80%...

Synthesis and in vitro assessment of antifungal activity of oximes, oxime ethers and isoxazoles. Objective. To synthesize and carry out a preliminary evaluation of the in vitro antifungal activity of oximes, oxime ethers and isoxazoles. Materials and methods. Oximes were synthesized from aldehydes or ketones with NH2OH.HCl and K2CO3. Oxime ethers were prepared by alkylation of oximes with propargyl bromide or 2-bromobenzyl bromide, using NaOH as base and acetone as solvent. The isoxazoles were obtained by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), chloramine T (CAT) and NaOCl. Products were identified or characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Radial growth inhibition assays against Aspergillus niger and Fusarium roseum were carried out. Results. Five oximes, seven oxime ethers, four of them new, and four new isoxazoles were obtained. The assessed substances exhibited antifungal activity in amounts of 1,5 mg and 3,0 mg. Conclusions. Although 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions allowed to obtain the desired isoxazoles, this methodology produced a wide variety of side products that reduced yields and made difficult the purification of the target products. Four of the tested compounds showed inhibition percentages greater than 80%...

Síntese e avaliação “in vitro” da atividade antifúngica de oximas, éteres de oxima e isoxazóis. Objetivo. Sintetizar e realizar a avaliação preliminar da atividade antifúngica in vitro de oximas, éteres de oxima e isoxazóis. Materiais e métodos. As oximas foram sintetizadas a partir de aldeídos ou cetonas com NH2OH.HCl e K2CO3. Os éteres de oxima foram obtidos pela alquilação de oximas com brometo de propargilo ou brometo de 2-bromobenzilo, utilizando NaOH como base e acetona como solvente. Os isoxazóis foram obtidos por cicloadição 1,3-dipolar usando nitrato cérico de amônio (NCA), cloramina-T (CAT) e NaOCl. Os produtos foram identificados e / ou caracterizados por ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) e espectrometria de massas (EM). Foram realizados testes de inibição sobre o crescimento radial de Aspergillus niger e Fusarium roseum. Resultados. Foram obtidas cinco oximas, sete éteres de oxima, quatro deles novos e quatro novos isoxazóis. As substâncias testadas apresentaram atividade antifúngica em quantidades de 1,5 mg e 3,0 mg. Conclusões. Embora as cicloadições 1,3-dipolares permitiram obter os isoxazóis esperados, observou-se que esta metodologia resultou numa grande variedade de subprodutos que reduziram os rendimentos e tornaram difícil a purificação do produto de interesse. Quatro das substâncias testadas apresentaram porcentagens de inibição acima de 80%...

Degradation products of different water content sevoflurane in carbon dioxide absorbents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Sevoflurane is currently used as a volatile inhalation anesthetic with many clinical advantages. A representative degradation product, compound A, was quantitatively measured to investigate whether there are different reactions between two kinds of water content sevoflurane formulations with different carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A closed-circle breathe bag with the Dräger Fabius GS anesthesia apparatus was used as an artificial rubber lung. The experiments were grouped according to different sevoflurane formulations: group A: higher-water sevoflurane (Ultane); group B: lower-water sevoflurane (Sevoness). During the experiment, CO2 (200 ml/min) was continually perfused to keep the end-tidal pressure of CO2 (P(ET)CO2) at 35 - 45 mmHg. The artificial ventilation was set to 6 L/min, and the breathing rate at 12 breaths/min. The circuit was operated with constant fresh gas flow rate (1 L/min) and the sevoflurane concentration was kept at 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for 240 minutes. At 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes, gas was collected from the Y-piece. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to quantify the major degradation product, compound A, with different water content sevoflurane. PETCO2 and sevoflurane concentration, and the temperature of the canister were continuously monitored during the experiment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in P(ET)CO2 and sevoflurane concentrations between the two groups. Drägersorb 800 plus produced the highest concentrations of compound A compared with other sodalimes, and Sevoness in Drägersorb 800 plus generated more compound A than Ultane (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the peak and average compound A concentrations between Ultane and Sevoness with Drägersorb 800 plus (P < 0.05), while the compound A concentration produced by Sodasorb grase and sofonolime in the two groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). In the same group, the peak and average of compound A concentration produced by Sodasorb grase and sofonolime showed significant difference with Drägersorb 800 plus (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The water content of sevoflurane and potassium hydroxide in CO2 absorbent can influence compound A production.</p>

A comparison between vital capacity induction and tidal breathing induction techniques for the induction of anesthesia and compound A production / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Vital capacity induction and tidal breathing induction are currently administered for inhalation induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane. The aim of this study was to compare them using sevoflurane with respect to induction time, complications of inhalation induction, and compound A production in adult patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-one women with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II undergoing mammary gland tumorectomy were randomly assigned to receive either vital capacity induction or tidal breathing induction with 8% sevoflurane at 6 L/min followed by laryngeal mask airway insertion. Induction times, complications of inhalation induction, and vital signs were recorded. Inspired concentrations of compound A were assayed and sofnolime temperatures were monitored at one-minute intervals after sevoflurane administration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The time to loss of eyelash reflex was significantly shorter with the vital capacity induction technique than with the tidal breathing induction technique ((43.8 ± 13.4) seconds vs. (70.8 ± 16.4) seconds, respectively; P < 0.01). Cardiovascular stability was similar in both groups. The incidence of complications was significantly less with the vital capacity induction technique than with the tidal breathing induction technique (7.7% vs. 32%, respectively; P < 0.01). However, the mean and maximum concentrations of compound A during induction were significantly higher in the vital capacity group than those in the tidal breathing group (P < 0.05); compound A concentration at the beginning of anesthesia maintenance was (40.73 ± 10.83) ppm in the vital capacity group and (29.45 ± 7.51) ppm in tidal breathing group (P = 0.019).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For inhalation induction of anesthesia, the vital capacity induction was faster and produced fewer complications than that for tidal breathing induction, but increased compound A production in the circuit system.</p>

Composición y capacidad antioxidante in-vitro de aceites esenciales ricos en Timol, Carvacrol, trans-Anetol o Estragol / Composition and in-vitro antioxidant capacity of essential oils rich in Thymol, Carvacrol, trans-Anethole or Estragole

Se determinó por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) la composición química de aceites esenciales (AE), aislados por hidrodestilación asistida por la radiación de microondas (MWHD), de las especies vegetales aromáticas Artemisia dracunculus, Foeniculum vulgare, Illicium verum, Lippia micromera, Lippia origanoides, Ocimum sp., Plectranthus amboinicus, Tagetes filifolia, Tagetes lucida y Thymus vulgaris. Los valores de capacidades antioxidantes in vitro de estos aceites esenciales, se obtuvieron usando los ensayos de decoloración del catión-radical ABTS+• (metodologías convencional y con dilución en microplacas) y la oxidación del ácido linoleico, inducida por O2 y Fe+2. El potencial inhibitorio de ABTS+• fue más alto para los aceites esenciales que contienen fenoles (carvacrol y timol), que para los aceites esenciales ricos en éteres (trans-anetol y estragol). La actividad antioxidante mediante el ensayo ABTS+• modificado en orden decreciente fue: AE Plectranthus amboinicus ≥ AE Lippia origanoides >> AE Thymus vulgaris > AE Lippia micromera >>> AE Tagetes lucida (flores) > AE Ocimum sp. > AE Tagetes lucida (hojas) > AE Illicium verum > AE Tagetes filifolia (Cenivam) > AE Foeniculum vulgare.

Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the chemical composition of essential oils (EO) isolated by microwave-radiation-assisted hydrodistillation (MWHD) of Artemisia dracunculus, Foeniculum vulgare, Illicium verum, Lippia micromera, Lippia origanoides, Ocimum sp., Plectranthus amboinicus, Tagetes filifolia, Tagetes lucida and Thymus vulgaris. In vitro antioxidant capacity values using ABTS+• discoloration assays (traditional and microplate methods) and the linoleic acid oxidation (with O2 and Fe+2) of these essential oils were obtained. Essential oils with phenols (carvacrol and thymol) high content showed higher total antioxidant capacity values than the essential oils rich in ether compounds (estragole and trans-anethole). The antioxidant capacity using by modified ABTS+• assay in decreasing order was as follows: EO Plectranthus amboinicus ≥ EO Lippia origanoides >> EO Thymus vulgaris > EO Lippia micromera >>> EO Tagetes lucida (flowers) > EO Ocimum sp. > EO Tagetes lucida (leaf) > EO Illicium verum > EO Tagetes filifolia (Cenivam) > EO Foeniculum vulgare.

Oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] in normal control and glucose induced hyperglycemic rats with Coccinia Cordifolia L. and Catharanthus roseus L

The aim of this study is to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions isolated from ethanolic extracts of Coccinia cordifolia and Catharanthus roseus on normal control and orally glucose-induced hyperglycemic rats. Single doses [150 mg/kg] of different fractions of C. cordifolia and C. roseus extracts were intraperitonelly administered. The serum blood glucose level was obtained by pricking the tail vein using glucometer at time 0, 30, 60, 90, 150 and 270 minutes.In the orally glucose induced hyperglycemic rats, chloroform-coccinia [CHCl[3]-CC] fraction showed maximum reduction of blood glucose level by 21.94% on 60 minute of the experiment. On the other hand maximum reduction [p<0.05] of 17.92% was observed for petroleum ether-catharanthus [PET-CR] on 30 minute of the experiment. Metformin HCl was used as standard drug.Our results indicate that the CHCl[3]-CC fraction is relatively more potent than other fractions of C. cordifolia. Similarly the PET-CR is found to be better than other fractions of catharanthus. Phytochemical screening test results showed that chloroform fraction of C. cordifolia contain saponins and flavonoids compounds, which are known to be hypoglycemic. On the other hand petroleum ether fraction of C. roseus contains tannins, flavonoids and alkaloid compounds produced varying degree of blood sugar reduction. On the pharmacological point of view C. cordifolia and C. roseus appears to be a valuable plant, which can be useful, at least as an adjunct, in the therapy of diabetes

Lyotropic liquid crystalline route for the synthesis of mesoporous silica

Mesoporous silica has been synthesized by gamma-irradiation using a non-ionic surfactant as template in the cubic and hexagonal lyotropic phases. The mesopores obtained in the two phases have different diameters, cubic phase silica being with the smaller pore size of the order of 3-4 nm whereas the hexagonal phase silica is giving large mesopores of value around 15 nm. The wall size differ in the two templated phases as well, cubic phase is with a small thickness of the order of 5.0 nm while the hexagonal silica exhibits a wall thickness of 15 nm under transmission electron microscopy [TEM] approximately. Both these cubic and hexagonal phases were further characterized by small angle X-ray scattering [SAXS], polarizing microscopy and rheometry. Radiation dose and templated phase are both playing effective role in the synthesis of mesoporous silica

Identification of a Taq DNA polymerase inhibitor from the red seaweed Symphyocladia latiuscula.

Two inhibitors of Taq DNA polymerase were isolated from the marine red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula. The inhibitors were purified by methanol extraction, molecular fractionation below 3000 MW and reverse-phase HPLC. The purified compound SL-1 containing three bromines was identified as 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (C7H5Br3O3: MW374) by NMR and MS analyses. The purified compound SL-2 was identified as 2,3, 6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether(C8H7Br3O3: MW388). In a 25-microl reaction mixture containing 1.5 units of Taq DNA polymerase, the enzyme was completely inhibited by 0.5 microg SL-1 or 5 microg SL-2.

Risco ambiental da aplicação de éteres de difenilas polibromadas como retardantes de chama / Environmental risks involved with the application of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as flame retardants

Flame retardants are additives of combustible materials, such as plastics, textile, electronic circuitry, wood and paper providing resistance to the combustion process when exposed to fire and high temperature. The main flame retardants used are inorganic chemicals (such as antimony oxides), organic phosphate esters with or without halogens, and chlorinated and brominated organic compounds. The brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are largely used due to its efficiency and low cost. The most used flame retardants are the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), produced inlarge-scale whose degradation is very difficult. Thus, they have been found in many different environmental samples. These observations suggest the current destination of these substances is still devoid of recycling or specific treatment. Despite the increased application in oil polymers, little is known about its impact upon the ecosystem. In this review, we provide an overview about the use and risks related to PBDEs as a recognized toxicants found in industries.

Os retardantes de chama, dentre os quais se destacam os éteres de difenilas polibromadas, são aditivos de materiais destinados a torná-los resistentes ao fogo ou a altas temperaturas, inibindo ou suprimindo o processo de combustão, dentre os quais se destacam os éteres de difenilas polibromadas (PBDEs, do inglês, polibromated diphenyl ethers). Devido a sua produção em grande escala e sua difícil degradação, os PBDEs têm sido um contaminante emergente frequentemente encontrados em diferentes amostras ambientais, demonstrando que o processo produtivo, em especial o destino desse material, requer medidas estratégicas que racionalize seu uso. Apesar da ampla utilização desses aditivos em polímeros (na maioria derivados de petróleo) e tecidos inflamáveis comumente utilizados, pouco se sabe a respeito do impacto dessas substâncias sobre o ecossistema. Nessa revisão, uma relação consistente a respeito do risco ambiental resultante do uso indiscriminado desses aditivos, ainda carentes de regulamentação específica, foi estabelecida com base na ação desses compostos bem como a prevalência de algumas classes, reconhecidamente tóxicas em alguns ambientes.